This research investigates how coal mine drainage and cessation impact groundwater flow and pollutant migration, using numerical simulations to propose effective water treatment solutions for mitigating contamination risks.
Coal mining has fueled economies for centuries, but it comes at a cost—groundwater contamination. As the world moves towards carbon neutrality, shutting down coal mines without addressing their environmental impacts can have devastating consequences. This research explores how coal mine drainage influences groundwater pollution and offers innovative strategies to mitigate its effects.
Did you know that mining generates enormous volumes of water, often with harmful contaminants like sulfate (SO₄²⁻)? When mining operations cease and water drainage stops, polluted mine water can infiltrate aquifers, threatening drinking and irrigation water supplies.
The study focuses on the Wudong Coal Mine in Xinjiang, China—a region dependent on groundwater. Using advanced simulation software, researchers examined how coal mine drainage and stopping drainage impact groundwater flow and pollutant migration.
Active drainage during mining operations prevents the spread of contaminants by creating a "cone of depression" that directs pollutants back into the mine. However, when drainage stops, contaminants travel farther, threatening nearby water sources like the Urumqi River.
Larger pollution sources lead to higher concentrations and wider contamination areas. For instance, in scenarios with bigger leakage points, pollutants reached critical zones faster, increasing risks to downstream communities.
Pumping wells proved effective in controlling pollution. A higher pumping rate (e.g., 1000 m³/day) significantly reduced contamination levels, containing pollutants before they could harm critical water sources.
Using FEFLOW software, researchers created a 2D simulation of the groundwater system. This allowed them to test scenarios like stopping mine drainage and deploying water treatment wells.
Installing real-time sensors in groundwater systems could detect contamination early, allowing for quicker interventions.
Combining physical pumping with innovative chemical treatments can further reduce pollutants. Technologies like reactive barriers and bio-remediation hold promise.
Expanding the use of simulation tools can guide policymakers and engineers in designing better prevention strategies, especially in regions with active or abandoned mines.
Groundwater sustains life, agriculture, and ecosystems. As we phase out coal, we must address its lingering environmental impacts. By embracing science-backed solutions, we can protect our water resources while transitioning to a greener future.
Source: Ahmat, K.; Lu, H.; Liu, H. A Numerical Study on Impact of Coal Mining Activity and Mine Water Drainage on Flow and Transport Behavior in Groundwater. Water 2024, 16, 3596. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16243596
From: Xinjiang University; Engineering Research Center of Northwest Energy Carbon Neutrality, China.
